Why are women who are on their periods are regarded as 'unclean' such that they are prevented in taking an actived part in rituals (Hinduism)?

The notion that women on their periods are regarded as 'unclean' and prevented from participating in rituals in Hinduism is more complex and nuanced than a simple label of impurity. Here are several perspectives and explanations:

Energy and Purity

In many Hindu traditions, menstruating women are not considered impure but rather as embodying a powerful and pure energy. According to some interpretations, a menstruating woman is seen as a "living goddess" whose energy could interfere with the energy of the deities in the temple. This belief is based on the idea that the energy of the menstruating woman could attract the energy from the temple idols, making them lifeless234.

Ayurvedic and Vedic Perspectives

From an Ayurvedic perspective, menstruation is viewed as a natural process of cleansing, where the body's energy, particularly the Apana Vayu (a component of the Vata Dosha), is focused on the downward flow of menstrual blood. Engaging in activities like cooking, which involves the upward flow of energy (prana), is considered disruptive to this natural process. Therefore, women are advised to avoid such activities to maintain their bodily balance23.

Cultural and Symbolic Significance

Menstrual taboos are also linked to symbolic and cultural interpretations. For example, the cycle of menstruation is sometimes mirrored with the natural cycles of the earth, such as the rainy and dry seasons. During menstruation, women are seen as being in a state of separation from the community, similar to the earth's separation from the sky during the dry season1.

Historical and Textual Influences

While the Vedas do not explicitly discuss menstruation, other texts like the Manusmriti and the Garud Puran have been interpreted to suggest that menstruating women are ritually impure. However, these interpretations are not universally accepted and are often seen as historical or contextual rather than binding15.

Modern Perspectives and Changes

In recent times, there has been a shift towards understanding and challenging these traditional practices. Many argue that these restrictions were not originally meant to suppress women but rather to respect and protect their unique energy and health during menstruation. Modern interpretations and practices, such as those at the Devipuram temple, emphasize the purity and sacredness of menstruating women rather than their impurity234.

In summary, the idea that menstruating women are 'unclean' is a misconception. Instead, these women are often viewed with a deep respect for their unique energy and the natural processes they undergo, which are seen as integral to their health and spiritual well-being.