When did nationalism appear and how much does it affect the world now?

Origins of Nationalism

Nationalism as a widespread cultural and political ideology began to emerge at the end of the 18th century, particularly during the Atlantic Revolutions and the French Revolution. These events marked a significant shift in how people identified themselves, moving from local affiliations to national identities123. The French Revolution, in particular, played a crucial role in shaping modern nationalism by promoting a unified French culture and language, and by making military service a national duty13.

Spread and Impact of Nationalism

Over the 19th century, nationalism spread across Europe, leading to the unification of countries like Italy and Germany, and contributing to the decline of multi-ethnic empires. By the early 20th century, nationalism had become a dominant force in Asia and Africa, as these regions began to seek independence from colonial powers5. Nationalism has been a key factor in many global conflicts, including World War I and II, and continues to influence international relations today23.

Current Impact of Nationalism

In the 21st century, nationalism remains a powerful force in global politics. It continues to shape national identities and influence political decisions, often leading to tensions between nations. However, it also faces challenges from globalization and transnational identities4. Despite these challenges, nationalism continues to evolve, with some forms embracing more inclusive and civic elements, while others are associated with exclusionary and xenophobic policies4. Overall, nationalism remains a significant factor in contemporary international relations, contributing both to national cohesion and global tensions.