What is the Bohr Rutherford diagram for calcium?

To create a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for calcium (Ca), you need to understand the distribution of its protons, neutrons, and electrons. Here’s a step-by-step guide based on the provided sources:

Nucleus

• Calcium has an atomic number of 20, which means it has 20 protons in the nucleus.
• The mass number of calcium is approximately 40, so the number of neutrons can be calculated as (40 - 20 = 20) neutrons. Thus, the nucleus contains 20 protons and 20 neutrons135.

Electron Configuration

• Calcium has 20 electrons, which are distributed across four energy levels.
  • First energy level (1s): Holds up to 2 electrons. So, you place 2 electrons here.
  • Second energy level (2s and 2p): The 2s orbital holds up to 2 electrons, and the 2p orbital holds up to 6 electrons. So, you place 2 electrons in the 2s orbital and 6 electrons in the 2p orbital, totaling 8 electrons in this level.
  • Third energy level (3s and 3p): The 3s orbital holds up to 2 electrons, and the 3p orbital holds up to 6 electrons. So, you place 2 electrons in the 3s orbital and 6 electrons in the 3p orbital, totaling 8 electrons in this level.
  • Fourth energy level (4s): The remaining 2 electrons are placed in the 4s orbital123.

Visual Representation

• Draw a central circle to represent the nucleus containing 20 protons and 20 neutrons.
• Draw four concentric circles around the nucleus to represent the four energy levels.
  • The first circle (first energy level) contains 2 electrons.
  • The second circle (second energy level) contains 8 electrons.
  • The third circle (third energy level) contains 8 electrons.
  • The fourth circle (fourth energy level) contains the last 2 electrons.

This arrangement visually represents the Bohr-Rutherford model for a calcium atom, with the electrons distributed in their respective energy levels around the nucleus.