What causes white spots in your field of vision?

White spots or other visual disturbances in your field of vision can be caused by several different conditions, some of which are more serious than others. Here are some possible causes:

Eye Floaters

Eye floaters are tiny specks that appear in your field of vision, often looking like dark spots, strings, or cobwebs. These are usually caused by age-related changes in the vitreous humor, the jelly-like substance inside the eye. As the vitreous liquefies and contracts, microscopic collagen fibers clump together, casting shadows on the retina that are seen as floaters235.

Corneal Ulcers

A corneal ulcer can cause a white spot on the cornea, which is the clear outer layer of the eye. This is often due to infections (bacterial, viral, or fungal), injuries, or autoimmune diseases. Corneal ulcers can be painful and may lead to vision changes or other symptoms like redness, tearing, and light sensitivity1.

Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma, a rare type of eye cancer, can cause a white-colored circle in the pupil, particularly when light is shined into the eye. This condition is more common in children and is caused by genetic mutations in the retina1.

Coats Disease

Coats disease is a rare condition that affects the retina, causing abnormal blood vessel development. It can result in a white mass observed in the pupil, especially when exposed to light. This condition typically affects one eye but can occasionally affect both1.

Pinguecula and Pterygium

Pinguecula appears as a whitish-yellow bump or spot on the conjunctiva, the clear covering over the white part of the eye. Pterygium is a growth that can extend over the cornea and may start as a pinguecula. These are often caused by UV radiation, dry eyes, and exposure to wind or dust1.

Cataracts

While cataracts typically cause a cloudy or yellowish discoloration of the lens rather than a distinct white spot, advanced cataracts can affect vision significantly and may appear as a whitish or cloudy area in the lens1.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

SCC affecting the conjunctiva can cause a white growth on the surface of the eye. This type of skin cancer is more common in individuals exposed to UV radiation, those with HIV and AIDS, and those with allergic conjunctivitis1.

Other Conditions

Other conditions such as corneal dystrophy, where material builds up on the cornea, and posterior uveitis, an inflammation in the back of the eye, can also cause various types of spots or visual disturbances13.

If you notice any sudden changes in your vision, including the appearance of white spots, it is important to consult an eye doctor to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.